Fibroids

Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. They are quite common, affecting a large number of women, especially during their reproductive years. While many women with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may experience significant discomfort, heavy menstrual bleeding, and other complications.

At Great Lakes Medical Imaging (GLMI), we offer advanced imaging services to help diagnose and monitor fibroids, providing critical information to guide treatment decisions. Whether you're experiencing symptoms or are simply looking for more information, we are here to help.

What Are Fibroids?

Fibroids are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that arise from the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. They can vary in size, from tiny growths to large masses that can distort the shape of the uterus. Fibroids are usually classified based on their location within the uterus:

• Submucosal fibroids: These grow just beneath the lining of the uterine cavity and may cause heavy menstrual bleeding and fertility problems.
• Intramural fibroids: These develop within the muscular wall of the uterus and are the most common type.
• Subserosal fibroids: These grow on the outer layer of the uterus and can cause pressure on surrounding organs, leading to discomfort.
• Pedunculated fibroids: These are attached to the uterus by a stalk-like structure and can sometimes twist, causing pain.

Fibroids are generally not dangerous, but they can cause symptoms depending on their size, number, and location.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to their development:

1. Hormones

Estrogen and progesterone, the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, are thought to stimulate the growth of fibroids. Fibroids tend to grow during the reproductive years, especially during pregnancy when hormone levels are high. After menopause, when hormone levels decrease, fibroids often shrink.

2. Genetics

A family history of fibroids can increase the likelihood of developing them. Women with a close relative (such as a mother or sister) who had fibroids are more likely to develop them as well.

3. Age

Fibroids are most common in women between the ages of 30 and 50, especially those in their 40s. The risk of fibroids decreases after menopause when estrogen and progesterone levels decline.

4. Race

Studies show that African American women are at a higher risk of developing fibroids compared to women of other ethnicities. They also tend to develop fibroids at an earlier age and experience more severe symptoms.

5. Obesity

Women who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of developing fibroids. Excess body fat can lead to increased estrogen production, which may stimulate the growth of fibroids.

6. Other Hormonal Conditions

Certain conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis, may be associated with an increased risk of developing fibroids.

Symptoms of Fibroids

While many women with fibroids have no symptoms, others experience significant discomfort. Common symptoms include:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding: Fibroids can cause heavier than normal periods, which may lead to anemia due to blood loss.
• Pelvic pain or pressure: Large fibroids can cause pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic region, particularly if they are pressing on nearby organs.
• Frequent urination: If a fibroid presses on the bladder, it can cause a frequent urge to urinate.
• Constipation: Large fibroids can also put pressure on the rectum, leading to constipation.
• Back or leg pain: Fibroids may put pressure on the nerves, leading to pain or discomfort in the lower back or legs.
• Difficulty getting pregnant: Although fibroids don’t always affect fertility, large or numerous fibroids can interfere with implantation or cause miscarriage.

When to See a Doctor

If you're experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above or if you notice changes in your menstrual cycle, it’s important to schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider. Early detection through imaging can help guide treatment decisions and prevent potential complications.

Diagnosing Fibroids

Fibroids are often detected during a pelvic exam, where a healthcare provider may feel the presence of an enlarged uterus or lumps in the abdominal area. However, imaging tests are usually required for a definitive diagnosis and to assess the size and location of fibroids. Common imaging methods include:

1. Ultrasound

Ultrasound is the most common imaging technique used to detect fibroids. It uses sound waves to create images of the uterus and can help identify the number, size, and location of fibroids.

2. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

MRI provides more detailed images than ultrasound and is often used to map the location of larger or more complex fibroids, especially when surgery is being considered.

3. Hysterosonography (Saline Infusion Sonography)

This type of ultrasound involves injecting a sterile saline solution into the uterus to get clearer images of submucosal fibroids, which are located just under the uterine lining.

4. Hysteroscopy

In some cases, a doctor may use a small camera inserted into the uterus (hysteroscope) to directly visualize the fibroids and assess their impact on the uterine cavity.

Treatment Options for Fibroids

The treatment for fibroids depends on factors such as the size and location of the fibroids, the severity of symptoms, and the patient’s age and reproductive plans. Some women with small, asymptomatic fibroids may not require treatment, while others may need medical or surgical intervention. Treatment options include:

1. Medications

• Hormonal therapy: Hormonal medications, such as birth control pills or hormone-releasing IUDs, can help regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce heavy bleeding caused by fibroids.
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists: These drugs can shrink fibroids by lowering estrogen and progesterone levels, providing temporary relief.
• Tranexamic acid and NSAIDs: Medications like these can help reduce heavy bleeding and relieve pain caused by fibroids.

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures

• Uterine artery embolization (UAE): This procedure involves blocking the blood vessels that supply blood to the fibroids, causing them to shrink.
• Endometrial ablation: This procedure destroys the uterine lining to reduce bleeding caused by fibroids.
• MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery (FUS): This non-invasive procedure uses ultrasound waves to destroy fibroid tissue without the need for surgery.

3. Surgical Options

• Myomectomy: A surgical procedure to remove fibroids while leaving the uterus intact. This option is ideal for women who wish to preserve fertility.
• Hysterectomy: In cases of severe fibroids that do not respond to other treatments, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be recommended. This is a permanent solution for women who no longer wish to have children.

How GLMI Can Help

At Great Lakes Medical Imaging, we provide comprehensive imaging services to help diagnose and monitor fibroids. Our team of experienced radiologists uses the latest ultrasound and MRI technology to provide accurate images of fibroids, assisting healthcare providers in determining the best treatment plan.

If you’re experiencing symptoms of fibroids or want to learn more about your treatment options, contact us today to schedule your imaging appointment. We’re here to help you get the care you need.

Medical Disclaimer

This article is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical conditions or concerns you may have.